Syllabus

Subject Code : EC8ELJI                                                Duration of Exam: 3 hrs
Subject Title : Vavelet Transforms                               Max.Exam.Marks :100
Total contact hrs : 50                                                      Max.I.A. Marks : 25

(Note: Common to EC & TE)

1. Continuous Vavelet Transform
Introduction, Continuos-Time Wavelets, Definition of the CWT, The CWT as a Correlation. Constant Q -Factor Filteing Interpretation and Time-Frequency resolution, The CWT as an Operator, Inverse CWT. (7 hrs)

2. Introduction to the Discrete Vavelet Transform and Orthogonal-Vavelet Decomposition
Introduction, Approximation of Vectors in Nested Linear Vector Subspaces,
(i)Example of Approximating Vectors in Nested Subspaces of a Finite-Dimensional Linear Vectors Space,
(ii) Example of Approximating Vectors in Nested Subspaces of an infinite- Dimensional Linear Vectors space,
Example of an MRA, (i) Bases for the Approximation subspaces and Haar Scaling function,
(ii) Bases for the Detail Subspaces and Haar Wavelet,
(iii) Digital Filter Implementation of the Haar Wavelet Decomposition. (10 hrs)

3. NIRA, Orthonormal -Vavelets, and their Relationship to Filter Banks
Introduction, Formal Definition of an MRA, Construction of a General Orthonormal MRA,
(i) Scaling Function and Subspaces,
(ii) Implication of the Dilation Equation and Ortliogonality,
A wavelet Basis for the MRA
(i) Two scale Relation for (t),
(ii) Basis for the detail subspaces
(iii) Direct sum decomposition,
Digital Filtering interpretation.
(i) Decomposition Filters,
(ii) Reconstructing the Signal.
Examples of Orthogonal Basis-Generating Wavelets,
(i) Daubechies D4 Scaling Function and Wavelet,
(ii) Band limited Wavelets, Interpreting Orthonormal MRAs for 40 Discrete-Time Signals,
(i) Continuous-Time MRA interpretation for DTWT,
(ii) Discrete-Time MRA,
(iii) Basis Functions for the DTWT, Miscellaneous issues related to PRQMF Filter Banks, Generating Scaling Functions and Wavelets from Filter Coefficients. (10hrs)

4. Alternative Wavelet Representations

Introduction, Biorthogonal Wavelet Bases, Filtering Relationship for Biorthogonal Filters, Examples of Biorthogonal Scaling Functions and Wavelets, Two-Dimensional Wavelets, Nonseparable Multidimensional Wavelets, Wavelet packets. (6 hrs)

5. Wavelet Transform and Data Compression

Introduction, Transform coding, DTWT for Image Compression,
(i) Image Compression using DTWT and Run-Length Encoding,
(ii) Embedded Tree Image Coding,
(iii) Comparison with JPEG, Audio Compression.
(I) Audio Masking,
(ii) Standards Specifying Subband Implementation: ISO/MPEG Coding for Audio,
(iii) Wavelet-Based Audio Coding, Video Coding Using Multiresolution Techniques: A Brief Introduction. (10 hrs)

6. Other Applications of Wavelet Transforms

Introduction, Wavelet Denoising, Speckle Removal, Edge Detection and Object Isolation, Image Fusion, Object Detection by Wavelet Transforms of Projrctions, Communication Applications,
(i) Scaling Functions as Signaling Pulses,
(ii) Discrete Wavelet Multitone Modulation. (7hrs)

Text Book:
1. Wavelet Transforms - Introduction to Theory & Applications, Raguhuveer M.Rao & Ajit S. Bopadikar - Addison Wesley-1998

Reference Book:
1. Wavelets and Filter Banks, Gilbert Stang & Truong Nguyen-Wellesly -1996



Subject Code : EC8ELJ2                                                            Duration of Exam: 3 hrs
Subject Title: Biomedical Signal Processing                             Max.Exam.Marks:100
Total contact hrs: 50                                                                   Max.I.A. Marks : 25

(Note: Common to EC & TE)

1. Introduction to Computers in Medicine
Characteristics of medical data, What is a medical instrument, Iterative deftnition of medicine, Evolution of microprocessor-based systems, the Microcomputer-based medical instrument, Software design of digital filters. (4 hrs)

2. Electrocardiography
Basic Electrocardiography, ECG lad Systems, ECG Signal characteristics. (4hrs)

3. Basics of Digital Filtering
Digital Filters, The z transform, elements of a digital filter, Types of digital Filters, Transfer function of a differential equation, the z-plane pole-zero plot, the rubber membrane concept. (4hrs)

4. Integer Filters
Basic design concept, Low-pass integer filters, High-pass integer filters, Bandpass and band-reject integer filters, The effect of filter cascades, Other fast-operating design techniques. (8 hrs)

5. Adaptive Filters
Principal Noise canceler model, 60-Hz adaptive canceling using a sine wave model, other applications of adaptive filtering. (4 hrs)

6. Signal Averaging
Basics of Signal averaging, signal averaging as a digital filter, A typical averager, Software for signal averaging, Limitations of signal averaging .(4 hrs)

7. Data Reduction Techniques
Turning point algorithm, AZTEC algorithm, Fan Algorithm, Huffrnan coding .(4 hrs)

8. Other Time-And Frequency-Domain Techniques
The Fourier transform, Correlation, Convolution, Power spectrum estimation. (4 hrs)

9. ECG QRS Detection
Power spectrum of the ECG, Bandpass filtering techniques, Differentiation techniques, Template matching techniques, A QRS detection algorithm. (6 hrs)

10. ECG Analysis Systems
ECG interpretation, ST-segment analyzer, Portable arrhythmia monitor (4 hrs)

11. VLSI in Digital Signal Processing
Digital Signal processors, High-performance VLSI signal processing, VLSI applications in medicine, VLSI sensors for biomedical signals, VLSI tools, Choice of custom, ASIC or of-the-shelf components .(4 hrs)

Text Book:
I. Biomedical Digital Signal Processing - W.3.Tomkins - PHI

Reference Book:
1. Understanding Digital Signal processing - Lyons - Addison Wesley.



Subject Code: ECSEU3                                                 Duration of Exam: 3 hrs
Subject Title : Motorola Microcontroller                     Max.Exam.Marks:l00
Total contact hrs: 50                                                       Max.I.A. Marks : 25

(Note: Common to EC & TE)

1. Microprocessor and Microcomputers
The Microcprocessors and Microcomputer, Microcomputer Applications .(2 hrs)

2 . Instruction Subset and Machine Language
The 68HC1 1 Computer Operation, The instructions and Addressing modes, Addressing Mode Summary, An Expanded Repertoire, Machine Language Programming Example .(8 hrs)

3. Assemblers and Assembly Language
The Assembly Process, Motorola Assembly Language, Examples from the Assembler. (6 hrs)

4. Program Structure and Design
Program Design-What's Important, Practical Programming, Flowcharting, Structured Programming, Top/Down Design, Structured Top/Down Assembly Language, Large Scale Top/Down Design, Small Scale Top/Down Design. (8hrs)

5. Advanced Assembly Language Programming
More Indexing, Bit and Byte Manipulation, Arithmetic operations, The stack, Subroutines, Subroutine parameter passing Techniques (8hrs)

6. Hardware
The Hardware Building Blocks, Memory Characteristics, Microprocessor Buses, Parallel I/O Principles, Parallel I/O Hardware, 68HC1 1 Parallel I/O Hardware, Parallel I/O Example using Polling, Interrupt Concepts, The 68HC1 I Interrupt System, IRQ Interrupt Examples, The Concurrency Problem, The Reentrancy Problem. (8hrs)

Conduction of experiments using Motorola Microcontroller kits (Refer to Motorola Microcontroller Lab content) (l0hrs)

Text Book:
I. Microcomputer Engineering Gene H. Miller - PH International - 2nd Edn.
Subject Title : Motorola Microcontroller Lab

List of Experiments

Programs to demonstrate the usage of instruction sets
Addition of two numbers
Subtraction of 2 numbers
Incrementing 16 bit and 32 bit numbers
Decrementing 16 bit and 32 bit numbers
7 segment look up table
ASCII to HEX conversion
HEX to ACII conversion
8 bit BCD to BINARY conversion
8 bit BINARY to BCD conversion
16 bit BCD to BINARY conversion
16 bit BINARY to BCD conversion
4 digit BCD up counter
2 digit BINARY down counter